South routeThe most popular and accessible route. Starts near Terskol village and the Azau clearing. Infrastructure is well developed: cable cars (from Azau to Gara-Bashi station at 3,780 m), hotels, and mountain huts with heating and electricity. This allows for comfortable acclimatization and rest before the summit push.
The route passes through Priyut 11, Pastukhov Rocks, and the saddle of Elbrus (5,200 m). Final point: West Summit (5,642 m) or East Summit (5,621 m). With good fitness, it's possible to summit both in one climb ("the little cross").
Difficulty: 1B (international grading). Suitable for beginners — the route is relatively gentle, and snowcats can take you up to around 5,000 m.
North routeA more "sporting" option requiring self-sufficiency and preparation. The route follows the path of the first ascensionists from 1829. No cable cars or snowcats, minimal infrastructure. Base camp is typically set up at 3,800 m, with camping or stationary huts.
Key features:
- No marked trail on the ascent;
- The summit push starts from the assault camp in rope teams;
- Summiting the East Peak (5,621 m);
- Weather is more unpredictable than in the south — starts are planned earlier to return by 12–1 PM.
- Difficulty: 2A. Suitable for those ready for tent living.
East routeOne of the most challenging and scenic routes. Starts near Elbrus village, passing through the Irikchat river valley, alpine meadows, the permanent snow zone, the Achkeryakol lava flow, and the Dzhikaugenkez ice plateau.
Key features:
- No roads or mountain huts;
- The entire route is covered with a full backpack, with no base camp for rest or radial trips;
- Requires rope team skills and experience crossing icy sections up to 30–35 degrees;
- Assault camp can be set up at 4,200–4,300 m;
- Duration: 10–12 days — the first three days are the approach, the rest is the climb itself.
- Difficulty: 2A. Recommended for climbers in good physical condition.